| “Always Watching” The wild guinea fowl so often seen in St. Croix's south shore pastures were brought to the West Indies from Africa in the 1600s or earlier. They are very social and gregarious birds who travel in large multigenerational flocks. At night, they roost high up in tamarind trees. "Generally, when the grown people in the neighbourhood were gone far in the fields to labour, the children assembled together in some of the neighborhood's premises to play; and commonly some of us used to get up a tree to look out for any assailant, or kidnapper, that might come upon us; for they sometimes took those opportunities of our parents' absence, to attack and carry off as many as they could seize." -- Olaudah Equiano was captured and sold as a slave in the kingdom of Benin in Africa. He wrote about his experiences in The Life of Olaudah Equiano the African (1789) "As they could
not maintain their ethnic groups due to the transoceanic gap and slavery,
the Africans and their descendants participated actively in the processes
of creolization and mixture that were to be the source of the new cultures
and nationalities in America. Nevertheless, some areas were kept necessarily
opaque. The Caribean is a universe - and an idea - par excellence of
mestizage, diversity, transculturation, porosity, migrations and open
interchange. If by means of resorting to syncretism the slaves were
able to maintain their gods, identifying them with those enforced by
the colonial power, the strategy aimed both at resistance and appropriation.
In many cases the adoption of Christianity was like pushing a door which
was already open - and which lead to Africa! The Africans worshipped
their own deities in public in the shape of the Catholic saints and
virgins, but they also incorporated the Catholic religion within an
inclusive system, admirably adapted to survive and adapt itself to fervent
America." -- curator Gerardo Mosquera, from an article about
Wilfredo Lam on the XXIII Bienal Internacional São Paulo website |
|
images & text ©2005 Christina Frederick except as attributed
![]()